"Kukongola ndi ubongo, zosangalatsa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito - ziyenera kugwirizana"

Wambiri

Pachiyambi panali moyo waku yunivesite…

Don Norman amachokera ku dziko la sayansi. Atalandira laisensi ya uinjiniya wamagetsi ndi makompyuta ku bungwe lodziwika bwino la MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) mu 1957, apitiliza kukwera kwake popeza digiri ya master mu gawo lomwelo komanso digiri ya udokotala mu psychology ya masamu mu 1962 ku University of Pennsylvania. . .
Pambuyo pa madipuloma awa komanso wofunitsitsa kuphunzira ndikugawana nawo, Norman adakhazikitsa mgwirizano wapambuyo pa udokotala ndi Center for Cognitive Studies ya Harvard University ndipo mchaka chomwecho adakhala mphunzitsi.
Kenako amanyamuka kupita kwaMtengo wa UCSD (University of California, San Diego) komwe adayambitsa Institute of Cognitive Sciences ndi Society of Cognitive Sciences komwe adachita nawo msonkhano wake woyamba pamsasa womwewo wa San Diego mu 1979.

…Ndipo uinjiniya wanzeru unali!

Kusintha kwa Norman kuchoka ku Cognitive Science kupita ku Cognitive Engineering kunabwera pamene adalowa m'munda monga wothandizira komanso wolemba. Nkhani yoyambitsa, yomwe idamupangitsa kukhala mutu wapakompyuta padziko lonse lapansi, mosakayikira inali malingaliro ake a 1981 ".Zowona Zokhudza Unix System: Mawonekedwe Ake Ogwiritsa Ntchito Ndiwowopsa!”. Posakhalitsa, mawonekedwe ake atsopano adamupangitsa kuti asiye kuyunivesite, ngakhale atakhalabe wokangalika mkati mwa UCSD mpaka 1993! Chifukwa chake adapitiliza kafukufuku wake mpaka adapanga lingaliro la "kapangidwe ka anthu” pakuchitapo kanthu kosiyanasiyana ndi mayunivesite ambiri komanso ntchito yake ngati katswiri wamakampani angapo aboma (makamaka a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)).
Amalowererabe mpaka pano kwa makomiti ambiri kapena makampani owunikira makampani akuluakulu monga Motorola, Toyota, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Panasonic kapena TED amalankhula, kwa odziwika bwino.
Pamene adachoka ku UCSD mu 1993, adalowa mu Apple Computer, poyamba ngati "Apple Fellow" (dzina lolemekezeka la ntchito zamkati zomwe pafupifupi onse omanga amazilakalaka)User Experience Architect, ndiye Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Advanced Technology Group. Donald Norman anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa Zochitika za Mtumiki pa khadi la bizinesi!
Adzagwira ntchito mtsogolo kwa Hewlett-Packard asanakhazikike ndi Jacob Nielsen mu 1998. Gulu la Nielsen Norman, bungwe lolangiza lomwe limagwira ntchito pa Computer User Interfaces ndi Zokumana nazo za ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

ZOTHANDIZA M'NDANDA YAUX

Zolemba zazikulu ndi malingaliro okhudzana nawo

• The Design Of Everyday Things (poyamba The psychology of daily things), 1988

[umboni] "Kupanga bwino kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuzindikira kusiyana ndi kusapanga bwino, mwa zina chifukwa mapangidwe abwino amakwaniritsa zosowa zathu kotero kuti mapangidwe ake ndi osawoneka." 
[/ umboni] Buku lolozera la wolemba pomwe amadzigwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza momwe mapangidwe angagwiritsire ntchito ngati kulumikizana pakati pa chinthucho ndi wogwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe angakwaniritsire kulumikizana uku kuti chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwecho chikhale chosangalatsa.
Norman amakulitsa pamenepo lingaliro la kukwanitsa (kuthekera kwa chinthu kuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, motero popanda malangizo) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga komanso kukulitsa lingaliro la "mapangidwe otengera ogwiritsa ntchito". Choncho lingaliro ili likutanthauza:

• Sang'anitsani dongosolo la ntchito
• kupangitsa zinthu kuwoneka
• Konzani mapu bwino zochita, mawonekedwe ndi zosowa
• Gwirizanitsani mwayi wokakamiza
• Wopanga zolakwika

Ntchitoyi inakonzedwanso kwathunthu ndi Norman mwiniwake mu 2007 pansi pa mutu wakuti Tsogolo la Zinthu Zatsiku ndi Tsiku

• Mapangidwe amalingaliro

[umboni] “Opanga abwino amada nkhawa kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu zawo zimapangidwira. Kukhudza thupi ndi kumva kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu mu kuyamikira kwanu chilengedwe chawo. Ganizirani zokondweretsa zachitsulo chosalala, chopukutidwa, kapena chikopa chofewa, kapena dothi ..."
[/ umboni] Mapangidwe amalingaliro ndi mutu wa bukhulo monga momwe amaimira, momwe malingaliro amakhudzira luso la munthu kumvetsetsa dziko lotizungulira ndi kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano.
Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chokometsera chidzawoneka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati chogwira mtima kwambiri chifukwa cha kukopa kwake.
Kuti afotokoze chodabwitsa ichi, Norman amadalira chitsanzo chapamwamba cha machitidwe a ABC (Zokhudza, Makhalidwe ndi Chidziwitso cha Zomwe Zimakhudza, Makhalidwe ndi Chidziwitso) koma zimasinthidwa kuti zipangidwe. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kamadziwika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kudzera mu miyeso ya 3:

• Visceral : zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukongola, kumverera kwa maonekedwe a zinthu
• khalidwe : ubwino wa zinthu ndi kumasuka kwawo
• wonyezimira : kulingalira ndi luntha la chinthucho, zomwe mwiniwake wa chinthucho akuganiza kuti uyu angamubweretsere chithunzi kapena kunyada.

Choncho, mapangidwe abwino ayenera kuyang'ana magawo atatuwa nthawi imodzi.
 

“Kuphunzira kuyenera kuchitika pamene kuli kofunikira, pamene wophunzira ali ndi chidwi, osati mogwirizana ndi ndandanda yokhazikika yokhazikika”

 
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UX-CERTIFIED® ndi Nielsen Norman Gulu

Kuyambira pa 12 mpaka 16 Novembala 2018
UX-Republic - Paris Saint-Lazare

Masiku a 5 | 5 maphunziro | 5 Zikalata | 1 Diploma Yadziko Lonse
Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku France, UX-Republic Digital Training Center akukupatsirani, m'malo ake ku Paris, maphunziro atsopano mogwirizana ndi gulu la Nielsen Norman.
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Quentin BOUISSOU - UX-Evangelist @UX-Republic

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